penfield



(No Model.)

F. HENGESBAGH.

PROCESS OF COLORING TILES 0R EQUIVALENT POROUS POTTERY MATERIAL. No. 340,669. Patented Apr. 27, 1886.

WITNESSES Y UVVE/VTOH n. PETERS. PholwLilhugnphnr, Washingkm n c UNITED STATES PATENT QFFICE. V

FRANK HENGESBAGH, OF WILLOUGHBY, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF, JAMES \V. PEN FIELD, AND RAYMOND G. PENFIELD, ALL OF SAME PLACE.

PROCESS OF COLORING TILES OR EQUIVALENT POROUS POTTERY MATERIALS.

EPEQIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 340,669, dated April 27, 1886.

Application filed November 4, 1885. Serial No. 181,817. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern: At the end of the coloring process the kiln Be it known that I, FRANK HENGESBACH, is allowed to cool down and the tiles are reof WVilloughby, in the county of Lake and State moved. of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful A suitable kiln for carrying out my process 5 Improvementsin Processes ofColoringTiles or is illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

EquivalentPorous Pottery Material; and Ido Figure 1 is an elevation in transverse sechereby declare the following to be a full, clear, tion through the center of the kiln. Fig. 2 is and exact description of theinventiou, such as an elevation in longitudinal section through will enable others skilled in the art to which it the center of the kiln. Fig. 3 is a horizontal IO pertains to make and use the same. section just above the grates.

Myinvention relatesto a process of coloring The tiles are set edgewise in the kiln, and, tiles or equivalent porous pottery materiaLin being quite thin, cannot be piled to any conwhich the tiles or other product are colored to siderable height, only three or four tiles arimitate the ordinary roofingslate, the process ranged the one above the other being advisable. :5 consisting, essentially, in subjecting the tiles The kilns therefore are preferably qnitesmall,

or other similar porous pottery, when in the the floor-space for setting the tiles being usuhighly heated condition, to which they are ally about six feet wide by ten or twelve feet ralsed in the process of burning the same, to long and about seven feet from the floor to the the combined action of steam and smoke, to arch or roof of the kiln. 20 the end that the tiles or other similar porous The kilns are provided in the usual manner pottery are colored through and through, so with grates A and ash-pits B and chimney O. that if they are broken the fractures showsub- An opening, D, is had at the rear for Setting stantially the same color as the outside. and removing the tiles, and the opening is of In carrying out my process suitable kilns course closed when the arch is fired. The 5 2 are prepared for burning, for instance, roofwalls are made double, having spaces E, a sufing-tile, and for this purpose, as the tiles are ficient number of headers being used to bind usually thin and cannot be piled high, the the two walls together. The walls, especially kilns are preferably of small dimensions. The the inner portion, will expand with the heat tiles are set in the kiln and burned in the and crack more or less. The spaces E are 3o usual manner, and when the tiles have reached kept filled with fine sand that runs into and the incandescent stage that denotes the comfills the cracks and renders the walls air-tight. pletion of the burning process, a quantity of In closing the kiln after theintroduction of wet fuelsuch as coal saturated in water, or the wet fuel aforesaid, metal plates or large green wood soaked in wateris placed in the tiles are placed against the shoulders I) and (Z, 8 5 furnace of thekiln, and the latter is hermeticand other plates or tiles are placed in the ally closed. The heat in the furnace converts grooves b and d, after which sand is filled in the coal into coke, or, if the fuel be wood, conbetween the respective two sets of plates; verts the latter into charcoal, and in either also, adamper, c, is provided to close the line in case the gases of the fuel in the condition of the chimney, and through an opening, 0', sand 0 o smoke are expelled and comminglcd with the is poured into the chimney above the damper. steam generated from the water in the fuel. The walls at F are carried up a short distance The tiles are left in the kiln for perhaps three above the roof of the kiln, formingareservoir or four days exposed to the action of the steam for water, a constantsupply of the latter being and smoke,or until the tiles are permeated by kept in the reservoir during the process of 5 5 the latter, giving the tile a desirable slatecoloring the tiles.

color of a lighter or darker shade, according When two or more kilns are required, it is to the amount of wet fuel employed. cheaper to build them together, the side walls The outside walls of the kiln are carried up in the background, as shown in Fig. 3, being a few inches above the roof of the kiln,to form constructed in suitable shape for this purpose. zco 50 a reservoir that during the coloring process Perhaps other means than those described is kept supplied with water. might be successfully employed for keeping \Vith tiles subjected to my process the color 1 does not seem to fade in the least, and is presnmably as durable as the tile. To produce the darker shades of slate color, the arches should be well filled with the'aforesaid wet fuel, and of course a less quantity will answer for light shades.

I cannot give very definitedirections as to the amount of fuel required, because different grades of fuel, both coal and wood, give off different quantities of coloring gas or smoke.

An intelligent operator after one or two trials will be able to produce the desired shade of color, and as various shades are used his experimental batch will probably be salable.

What I claim is- 1. A process for coloring tiling orequivalent porous pottery material, consisting in passing steam and smoke into the same while the tiles are in a heated condition, substantially as set forth.

2. Aprocess for coloring tiling or equivalent porous pottery material, consisting in permeating the same wit-h steam and smoke while in the heated condition of the productat the end of the burning process, substantially as set forth.

3. A process for coloring filing or other porous pottery, consisting in subjecting the same to the combined action of steam and smoke while in a heated condition and excluding the air during the coloring, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereofI sign this specification, in the presence oftwo witnesses, this 11th day of June, 1885.

FRANK HENGESBACH.

\Vi t nesses:

CHAS. H. DORER, ALBERT E. LYNUK. 

